اخبار السودان
(لعنة الذهب) تطارد شمال السودان
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وكالات- السودان الحرة
يبدو أن مأساة جديدة تطل برأسها بسبب لعنة الذهب في ولاية نهر النيل في شمال السودان. فقد ازدادت حالات الإجهاض، وتنتشر مخاوف من تشوه المواليد. أما السبب فهو طواحين التعدين التقليدي والعشوائي المنتشرة بكثافة في الولاية، وخصوصاً في محلة بربر التي تحتضن معظم نشاط التعدين واستخدام الزئبق.
ظلال الكارثة
وأطلقت السلطات في ولاية نهر النيل تحذيرات جدية من خطر تسبب طواحين وخلاطات التعدين التقليدي بكارثة بيئية وصحية تهدد الحوامل والإنجاب، بعد ظهور حالات إجهاض وسط النساء حديثات الزواج في منطقة محلة بربر في الولاية. ما دفع الجهات الحكومية المختصة إلى إجراء عمليات مسح للنساء المتضررات.
وأصدر الوالي محمد البدوي عبد الماجد أبو قرون توجيهات بإجراء فحوصات متخصصة عاجلة، لتقصي أسباب تزايد نسبة الإجهاض وسط الحوامل في منطقة بربر، التي شكلت، وفقه، “أمراً كارثياً وخطيراً خلال الفترة الماضية، بسبب وجود تلك الخلاطات”، مشدداً على ضرورة حسم هذه الظاهرة بالمصادرة والعقوبة الفورية. ودعا إلى تضافر جهود كافة فئات المجتمع للتخلص منها.
وكشف أبوقرون أن دراسات تحليلية أجراها متخصصون حذرت من تشوهات قد تصيب الأجيال في ظل استمرار انتشار استخدام الخلاطات في الأنشطة والصناعات التعدينية في الولاية، وقال إن “قضية التعدين في ولاية نهر النيل تشكل هاجساً كبيراً يؤرق حكومة الولاية، مما يتطلب إصدار مرسوم مؤقت بمصادرة الخلاطات باعتبار أن الإنسان أهم”، داعياً المواطنين إلى “التفاعل مع جهود الحكومة وحرصها على القضاء على الخلاطات”.
جرس الإنذار
في السياق، قرع وزير الصحة المكلف في ولاية نهر النيل الرشيد محمد إبراهيم، في حديث إلى “اندبندنت عربية”، جرس الإنذار إزاء “المخاطر الصحية لانتشار التعدين العشوائي على الأجيال المقبلة”، مشيراً إلى “تراكمات كبيرة سببها استخدام مواد ضارة بالبيئة كالزئبق والسيانيد على الأراضي والمياه والحيوان”، وأشار إبراهيم إلى أنه “على الرغم من إزالة العديد من مواقع التعدين العشوائية، يبقى السؤال عن الأضرار البيئية العميقة والخطيرة المتراكمة خلال الفترات السابقة، بخاصة على التربة والمياه، وكيف ستتم معالجتها؟”. ما يستدعي، في رأيه، “بذل جهود كبيرة في إطار التحوطات المستقبلية من آثار ذلك النشاط الضار”، داعياً إلى تقديم العون اللازم لوزارته، وكشف عن أن “فرقاً ميدانية من الوزارة تجري مسحاً ميدانياً في عدد من المناطق المتضررة والمشتبه بتأثرها، للتقصي والوقوف على الحالات والأسباب والوصول إلى إحصاءات دقيقة وموثقة لتضمن في تقرير صحي ووضع الدراسات اللازمة”، من جانبه أكد وزير المعادن محمد بشير أبو نمو، لدى زيارته مدينة الدامر عاصمة ولاية نهر النيل، العمل على التخلص من خلاطات الذهب في أقرب وقت ممكن، “حفاظاً على البيئة والصحة وتحقيق صناعة تعدينية آمنة ومتطورة”.
واعتبر أبو نمو أن “حملة إزالة الخلاطات التي انطلقت في ديسمبر (كانون الأول) 2021 في الولاية، حققت تقدماً ملموساً، لكنه لم يكن بالصورة المطلوبة”، مؤكداً التوجه لاتخاذ “إجراءات قانونية لمنع تشغيل تلك الخلاطات.
تحذيرات جادة
بدوره، حذر المدير العام للشركة السودانية للموارد المعدنية، مبارك أردول، من استمرار وجود الخلاطات في المزارع والمناطق السكنية لما تسببه من كوارث بيئية وصحية، فضلاً عن عدم قانونية وجودها واستخدامها في الأنشطة والصناعات التعدينية، وقال أردول، إن “وزارة المعادن لا تعطي تصاريح إلا للشركات الناشطة في الصناعات التعدينية، إذ تقوم الشركة السودانية بعمليات الإشراف والرقابة على هذه الشركات بما يضمن عدم مساسها بالبيئة وصحة الإنسان”، وأكد استمرار عمل اللجنة المسؤولة عن إزالة الخلاطات حتى تحقق غاياتها، مطالباً حكومة الولاية بحظر ووقف استيراد المواد الخام ومخلفات التعدين من الولايات المجاورة.
وأشار أردول إلى أنه تم حصر أكثر من ثلاثة آلاف خلاطة وغسالة في مجال استخلاص الذهب، تستخدم مواد سامة يجري العمل على إزالتها، محذراً من مغبة التهاون مع تلك المواد الخطرة. وقال، إن “المسؤولية ليست في تحصيل إيرادات فحسب، إنما في الحفاظ على الإنسان بالمقام الأول”.
وقال الأمين محمد بابكر، مواطن من نهر النيل، إنه “لطالما سمعنا تحذيرات من الآثار الصحية القاتلة لاستخدام الزئبق، لكن لا استجابة، إلا بعدما وقع الفأس في الرأس. وناشد بابكر السلطات تكثيف وتسريع تحركاتها لإنقاذ ما يمكن إنقاذه من أجل الإنسان”.
مخاطر
وتلفت ست نور حسن محمد، مهندسة في المجلس الأعلى للبيئة، إلى الآثار المدمرة للتعدين العشوائي، مثل تلوث الهواء ومصادر المياه، وتدمير التربة، والغطاء النباتي، إضافة إلى خلو بيئة العمل من متطلبات السلامة في ظل التعرض للغبار وذرات السليكا المسببة للتليف وسرطان الرئة، فضلاً عن أبخرة الزئبق المستخدم في عملية استخلاص الذهب المسبب لسرطان الدم والكبد”.
وتشير محمد إلى “مخاطر التعرض لأشعة جهاز كشف الذهب المهددة بسرطان الدم، إلى جانب أخطار انهيار الصخور والطمر تحتها، فضلاً عن الاشتباكات الدامية بين العمال والظروف النفسية والعقلية في مناطق التعدين العشوائي مثل القلق والخوف وسماع قصص مخيفة عن الجن، وفي الجانب الآخر القلق الذي يستبد بأسر المنقبين وخوفها الدائم على مصير ذويها الباحثين عن الذهب”.
جاذبية الذهب
وقالت مصادر إدارية في نهر النيل، إن الأجزاء الشمالية من الولاية شهدت تدفق طالبي العمل في التعدين منذ عامي (2008 – 2009)، بعد اكتشاف عروق للذهب في مناطق وادي الصنقير ووادي العشائر. ما جعل عمليات التنقيب الأهلي تتكثف بصورة واضحة في الولاية، خصوصاً في محلتي بربر وأبو حمد ضمن الولاية السبع.
وأشارت المصادر إلى أن نشاط أعداد كبيرة من التجار في مجال التنقيب عن الذهب تسبب في تدهور ملحوظ للزراعة وارتفاع أسعار المواد الغذائية، فضلاً عن تسرب التلامذة من المدارس للعمل مع أهلهم في التنقيب. وصاحب تلك التجمعات انتشار السرطان وأمراض الصدر وأوبئة نتيجة استعمال الزئبق بصورة غير علمية في التعدين.
وتنتشر مواقع التعدين التقليدية في ولايات نهر النيل والبحر الأحمر والنيل الأزرق وجنوب كردفان وشمالها وولايتي القضارف والجزيرة، وغالباً ما تنشأ حول أماكن التعدين مخيمات عشوائية.
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